Appendix A. Metadata Standards

--Metadata vocabularies, schemas, application profiles, and registries

Appendix B. Value Encoding Schemes and Content Standards -->

[Note: links are validated and updated frequently. Red star* = updated* or added**. Updated 2024-08-01]

*Astronomy Visualization Metadata (AVM) Standard

Astronomy Visualization Metadata (AVM) Standard for the Virtual Astronomy Multimedia Project (VAMP) and other Virtual Observatories.
http://virtualastronomy.org/avm_1.1_final_draft.pdf
AVM spans both photographic images produced from science data and artwork illustrations. This standard allows individual image files to be catalogued and offered through searchable databases.

*Access to Biological Collection Data (ABCD)

Developed and maintained by the Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG).
http://www.tdwg.org/standards/115/
A standard for the access to and exchange of data about specimens and observations (a.k.a. primary biodiversity data).

ADN (ADEPT/DLESE/NASA) Metadata Framework

"ADN" stands for Alexandria Digital Earth Prototype (ADEPT), the Digital Library for Earth System Education (DLESE), and  NASA's Joined Digital Library.
*was: http://www.dlese.org/Metadata/adn-item/
Developed by incorporating metadata elements to describe educational resources used by the Earth system education community.

Adobe Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP)

Adobe Systems
http://www.adobe.com/products/xmp/
A labeling technology that allows to embed metadata into the file itself. It is based on open standards and implemented as a common metadata interchange platform across Adobe products.

**Asset Description Metadata Schema (ADMS)

About: https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/collection/support-centre/solution/asset-description-metadata-schema-adms/about
The Asset Description Metadata Schema (ADMS) is a vocabulary to describe interoperability assets making it possible for ICT developers to explore and search for interoperability assets.

**ADMS 2.0 (2023-05) https://semiceu.github.io/uri.semic.eu-generated/ADMS/releases/2.00/

 W3C Working Group Note 01 August 2013 https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-adms/
"ADMS is a profile of DCAT, used to describe semantic assets (or just 'Assets'), defined as highly reusable metadata (e.g. xml schemata, generic data models) and reference data (e.g. code lists, taxonomies, dictionaries, vocabularies) that are used for eGovernment system development."

Australian Government Locator Service (AGLS) Metadata Standard

**AGLS is published as Australian Standard AS 5044-2010.  The 2010 revision supersedes AS 5044-2002 AGLS Metadata Element Set and is renamed the AGLS Metadata Standard.
*https://agls.gov.au/ [reitre by the end of 2023. See anouncement]
*AGLS Metadata Standard: Part 1, Reference Description (PDF) Version 2.2, July 2023
A set of nineteen descriptive elements. It has been mandated for use by Commonwealth Government agencies.

** An archived copy of the AGLS website will continue to be available via The National Library of Australia’s Trove facility: https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20230304113201/https://agls.gov.au/.

**Australasian Virtual Engineering Library (AVEL) Metadata Set

**was at: http://avel.library.uq.edu.au/technical.html
A gateway of quality web resources developed collaboratively by a national team through an Australian Research Council (ARC) Research Infrastructure Grant from 1998-2002.  A set consisting of nineteen elements based on Dublin Core.

*BBC ontologies (list) (e.g., Sports, Animals, )

* [previous site] http://www.bbc.co.uk/ontologies

The ontologies the BBC are used to support its audience facing applications such as BBC Sport, BBC Education, BBC Music, BBC News, and more. (more than 15 ontologies)

**BIBFRAME (Bibliographic Framework) 2 Vocabulary

**https://loc.gov/bibframe/docs/index.html

The BIBFRAME vocabulary uses a Linked Data model and thus leverages the RDF modeling practice of uniquely identifying as Web resources all entities, attributes, and relationships (i.e., properties) between entities.  
The BIBFRAME Vocabulary is comprised of the RDF properties, classes, and relationships between and among them. 

**BIBFRAME 2.0 Model || BIBFRAME 2.0 Vocabulary || BIBFRAME 2 Category View || BIBFRAME Frequently Asked Questions

*Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata

FGDC-STD-001.1-1999 
http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/metadata/biometadata/biodatap.pdf
*Webpage (ended January 15, 2012): http://www.nbii.gov/portal/server.pt/community/fgdc_metadata/255/standards

-- Encourage to transit to the ISO 19100 series of geospatial metadata standards ( http://www.fgdc.gov/metadata/geospatial-metadata-standards#fgdcendorsedisostandards).

*http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/metadata/base-metadata/index_html

Provides a user-defined or theme-specific profile of the FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata to increase its utility for documenting biological resources data and information. This standard serves as the metadata content standard for the National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII).

**Biological Taxonomy Vocabulary 0.2 (Core)

Biological Taxonomy Vocabulary 0.2 (Core)
- Buzzword.org.uk Namespace 6 October 2008 

*Previous Website: https://ontologi.es/biol/ns
*Information in LOV: https://lov.linkeddata.es/dataset/lov/vocabs/biol
Prefix: biol

CanCore

CanCore Learning Resource Metadata Initiative
http://cancore.athabascau.ca/en/guidelines.html
The CanCore Guidelines for the Access For All Digital Resource Description is synchronized with the IEEE LOM standard, and includes best practice recommendations for all LOM elements.  

Categories for the Description of Works of Art (CDWA)

A product of the Art Information Task Force (AITF) funded by the J. Paul Getty Trust; Murtha Baca and Patricia Harpring, eds, Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Trust and the College Art Association, 2000. Revised 2014; 2016; 2022
*http://www.getty.edu/research/publications/electronic_publications/cdwa/index.html
For describing works of art, architecture, groups of objects, and visual and textual surrogates, CDWA includes 381 categories and subcategories.

**Crosswalk of CDWA with other Standards

CDWA Lite

*http://www.getty.edu/research/publications/electronic_publications/cdwa/cdwalite.html
J. Paul Getty Trust and ARTstor.
A subset of elements taken based on the Categories for the Description of Works of Art (CDWA) and Cataloging Cultural Objects: A Guide to Describing Cultural Works and Their Images (CCO). It is an XML schema to describe core records for works of art and material culture.

Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM)

The Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC)
http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/metadata/base-metadata/v2_0698.pdf
A set of terminology and definitions for the documentation of digital geospatial data.

copyrightMD

California Digital Library (CDL) Rights Management Group 
*https://cdlib.org/groups/rights-management-group-copyrightmd/

*cdlib.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/copyrightMD_user_guidelines.pdf
An XML schema for rights metadata.  It is a part of the CDL Rights Management Framework which provides information and tools that guide project managers and participants in making and recording decisions about rights.

Core Metadata Elements: An International Metadata Standard for Geographic Information (ISO 19115)

*http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=53798
Defines the schema required for describing geographic information and services.

Reviewed and confirmed in 2019
*[preview]

CORES Registry

*https://cores.dsd.sztaki.hu/
Maintained by UKOLN (UK Office for Library Networking)
http://www.cores-eu.net/registry/

The CORES project provides a forum to encourage sharing of metadata semantics. The CORES Registry hosts core vocabularies and profiles enabling projects and services to declare their usage of standards in schemas based on a common model.

Darwin Core

http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/

*Darwin Core is a standard maintained by the Darwin Core Maintenance Interest Group. It includes a glossary of terms (in other contexts these might be called properties, elements, fields, columns, attributes, or concepts) intended to facilitate the sharing of information about biological diversity by providing identifiers, labels, and definitions.

*Darwin Core quick reference guide https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/

*Darwin Core basic vocabulary http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc.htm

*Simple Darwin Core https://dwc.tdwg.org/simple/

**Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT)

https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat/

DCAT is an RDF vocabulary designed to facilitate interoperability between data catalogs published on the Web. This document defines the schema and provides examples for its use.

*DCAT enables a publisher to describe datasets and data services in a catalog using a standard model and vocabulary that facilitates the consumption and aggregation of metadata from multiple catalogs. This can increase the discoverability of datasets and data services. It also makes it possible to have a decentralized approach to publishing data catalogs and makes federated search for datasets across catalogs in multiple sites possible using the same query mechanism and structure. Aggregated DCAT metadata can serve as a manifest file as part of the digital preservation process.

* Data Documentation Initiative (DDI) Lifecycle

https://ddialliance.org/products/overview-of-current-products

DDI is an free and open international metadata standard; Used primarily in the social and behavioural sciences, economics, health.
Specifications: http://www.ddialliance.org/Specification/
Controlled vocabularies: http://www.ddialliance.org/controlled-vocabularies

DDI-Lifecycle is designed to document and manage data across the entire life cycle, from conceptualization to data publication and analysis and beyond. It encompasses all of the DDI-Codebook specification and extends it.

DDI-Codebook is a more light-weight version of the standard, intended primarily to document simple survey data.

**Data Privacy Vocabulary (DPV) - [draft]

** https://arxiv.org/html/2404.13426v1

DPV provides terms (classes and properties) to describe and represent information related to processing of personal data based on established requirements.

It has the core or base concepts of personal data categories, purposes of processing and types of processing, data controller(s) associated, recipients of personal data, legal bases or justifications used, technical and organisational measures and restrictions (e.g. storage locations and storage durations), applicable rights, and the risks involved.

* DBpedia Ontology

Classes: http://mappings.dbpedia.org/server/ontology/classes/
Home: https://www.dbpedia.org/resources/ontology/

The DBpedia Ontology is a shallow, cross-domain ontology, which has been manually created based on the most commonly used infoboxes within Wikipedia. * The ontology currently covers 768 classes which form a subsumption hierarchy and are described by 3,000 different properties.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)® Kernel Declaration

International DOI Foundation (IDF) http://www.doi.org
*DOI® Kernel Metadata Declaration specification and XML Schema

http://www.doi.org/doi_handbook/DOI_Schema_Release_Notes.html
The DOI Kernel Declaration provides a basic set of interoperable, descriptive metadata exists so that DOI names can be discovered and disambiguated across multiple services and Application Profiles in a coherent way.

DC Images Application Profile

JISC Digital Repositories programme. http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/repositories/digirep/index/Images_Application_Profile
A DC application profile for describing images held in institutional repositories.

DCMI Government Application Profile (DC-Gov)

DCMI-Government Working Group. (Working Draft).
** https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/gov-application-profile/
Clarifies the use of DC in a governmental environment

DCMI Metadata Terms

Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) Usage Board.
http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/
An authoritative specification of all metadata terms maintained by DCMI -- elements, element refinements, encoding schemes, and vocabulary terms (the DCMI Type Vocabulary).

ISO 15836-2:2019, Information and documentation – The Dublin Core metadata element set – Part 2: DCMI Properties and classes, extends the original set of 15 core properties with 40 properties and 20 classes in order to improve the precision and expressiveness of descriptions in the Dublin Core. It complements ISO 15836-1 Information and documentation – The Dublin Core metadata element set – Part 1: Core elements.

Dublin Core Collections Application Profile

Dublin Core Collection Description Task Group.
* https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/collection-description/collection-application-profile/
Specifies how to construct a DC metadata description set that provides a collection level description, including a broad range of collections as well catalogues and indexes.

Dublin Core -- Library Application Profile (DC-Lib)

DCMI-Libraries Application Profile drafting committee. (Working Draft)
* https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/library-application-profile/
Clarifies the use of the Dublin Core Metadata Element Set in libraries and library-related applications and projects. 

Dublin Core Metadata Element Set (DCMES or DC)

Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) Usage Board.
http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/
A standard for cross-domain information resource description. It is a U.S. national (NISO Z39.85) and international standard (ISO 15836)

ISO 15836-1:2017 Information and documentation – The Dublin Core metadata element set – Part 1: Core elements.

Dublin Core Metadata Registry

About https://www.oclc.org/research/activities/dcmi_registry.html
Provides users, and applications, with an authoritative source of information about the Dublin Core element set and related vocabularies. Included 23-language internationalization support.

Dublin Core Qualifiers

* https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dcmes-qualifiers/
Issued 2000-07-11 as a DCMI Recommendation.  
Defines two broad categories of qualifiers: element refinement and encoding scheme. 
Note: The qualifiers are superseded; the user should see the DCMI Metadata Terms

Dublin Core Scholarly Works Application Profile (SWAP)

SWAP Working Group, JISC Digital Repositories programme. Coordinated by Julie Allinson and Andy Powell.
was : http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/repositories/digirep/index/
Scholarly_Works_Application_Profile

* http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/repositories/digirep/index/Eprints_Application_Profile
A DC application profile for describing an eprint, or scholarly work.

* Ecological Metadata Language (EML)

The Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity (KNB)

**https://eml.ecoinformatics.org/
A metadata standard developed by the ecology discipline and for the ecology discipline and implemented as a series of XML document types that can by used in a modular and extensible manner to document ecological data. Each EML module is designed to describe one logical part of the total metadata that should be included with any ecological dataset.

*Education Network Australia (EdNA) Metadata Standard

EdNA Metadata Standard Working Group

http://www.academia.edu/1124438/EdNA_Metadata_Standard_Education_Network_Australia_
Based on Dublin Core Metadata Element Set and is consistent with the Australian Government Locator Service (AGLS).
Reported in a paper: http://academia.edu/2081859/EdNA_Higher_Education_and_Metadata_Implementation

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Metadata Standard (ETD-MS)

Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD)
*https://ndltd.org/metadata/
**version 1.1: https://ndltd.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/etd-ms-v1.1.html
A standard set of metadata elements used to describe electronic theses or dissertations.

*Encoded Archival Context - Corporate bodies, Persons, and Families (EAC-CPF)

Became an adopted standard of the Society of American Archivists (SAA).

http://eac.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/

Addresses the description of individuals, families and corporate bodies that create, preserve, use and are responsible for and/or associated with records in a variety of ways.
EAC-CPF Schemata and Tag Library https://eac.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/schemata-and-tag-library/

*Encoded Archival Description (EAD)

Maintained in the Network Development and MARC Standards Office of the Library of Congress (LC) in partnership with the Society of American Archivists
http://lcweb.loc.gov/ead/
*https://www.loc.gov/ead/
A standard for encoding archival finding aids using Extensible Markup Language (XML).

**EAD3 Schemas and DTD https://www.loc.gov/ead/ead3schema.html
**EAD3 Tag Library https://www.loc.gov/ead/EAD3taglib/EAD3.html

*EAD 2002 schema https://www.loc.gov/ead/eadschema.html

* EPUB

*Home: https://www.w3.org/TR/epub/

** EPUB 3.3
- W3C Recommendation 25 May 2023

*EPUB® 3 defines a distribution and interchange format for digital publications and documents. The EPUB format provides a means of representing, packaging, and encoding structured and semantically enhanced web content — including HTML, CSS, SVG, and other resources — for distribution in a single-file container.

* Europeana Data Model (EDM)

* * *Home

Download:
The EDM Factsheet and an EDM presentation
The EDM Primer - the 'story' of EDM and explains how the classes and properties may be used together to model data and support Europeana functionality.
The EDM Mapping Guidelines - give guidance for providers wanting to map their data to EDM

The Friend of a Friend (FOAF)

FOAF Vocabulary Specification
http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/
The FOAF vocabulary provides a collection of basic terms that can be used in Web homepages for people, groups, companies, etc.

*Geographic Information Framework Data Standard

Endorsed by the FGDC (Federal Geographic Data Committee) in May 2008

https://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/framework-data-standard/framework-data-standard
The standard includes a base document and parts that correspond to following data themes: cadastre, imagery, elevation, geodetic control, government units and administrative and statistical boundaries, water - inland, and transportation. The transportation part consists of a base sub-part and sub-parts that correspond to different modes of transportation: airport facilities; rail; roads; transit; and waterways.

*GeoNames Ontology

http://www.geonames.org/ontology/documentation.html

An ontology used by GeoNames, it makes it possible to add geospatial semantic information to the Word Wide Web. Over 8.3 million geonames toponyms now have a unique URL with a corresponding RDF web service. Other services describe the relation between toponyms.

GeoNames is using 303 (See Other) redirection to distinguish the Concept (thing as is) from the Document about it.

ID3

*id3.org [archived]

*ID3 tags provide the Title, Artist, Year, Genre and other great information when you're listening to music. ID3 tags are the audio file data standard for MP3 files in active use by software and hardware developers around the world.

*The <indecs> metadata framework

indecs, an acronym of "Interoperability of Data in E-commerce Systems" (indecs)
**http://cordis.europa.eu/econtent/mmrcs/indecs.htm [archived 2009]
**Factsheet. https://www.doi.org/factsheets/indecs_factsheet.html

Created to address the need, in the digital environment, to put different creation identifiers and their supporting metadata into a framework, especially to support the management of intellectual property rights.

Instructional Management Systems (IMS): IMS Learning Resource Meta-data Specification

IMS Global Learning Consortium
http://www.imsglobal.org/metadata/index.html
A standard to promote the adoption of open technical specifications for interoperable learning technology. The IMS Learning Resource Meta-data Information Model 1.2.1 Final Specification is superseded by IEEE Std 1484.12.1 - 2002, IEEE Standard for Learning Object Metadata (LOM).

IPTC Photo Metadata standard

IPTC Photo Metadata Standard consists of two schemas
– IPTC Core & – IPTC Extension
** Website: https://iptc.org/standards/photo-metadata/
IPTC (International Press Telecommunications Council) is a consortium of the world's major news agencies, news publishers and news industry vendors.
** IPTC Photo Metadata Standard https://www.iptc.org/std/photometadata/specification/IPTC-PhotoMetadata
The IPTC Photo Metadata standard schema defines metadata structure, properties, and fields, so that images are optimally described and easily accessed later.

  • A subset of the IPTC "Information Interchange Model - IIM" was adopted as the known "IPTC Headers" for Photoshop by Adobe Systems to describe digital photos since the 1990s.
  • The IPTC Core Schema for XMP aims to transfer metadata values from the IPTC Headers to the Adobe Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP) framework.
  • IPTC Core Metadata Schema and IPTC Extension Metadata Schema are two metadata schemas developed by the IPTC for professional use with a focus on news and stock photos, employing Adobe's XMP technology.
  • Both standards are published together as IPTC Photo Metadata Standards.

** IPTC’s rNews standard dev.iptc.org/rNews | Guidelines 

*Learning Object Metadata (LOM)

IEEE Learning Technology Standards Committee (LTSC)

** 1484.12.1-2020 - IEEE Standard for Learning Object Metadata https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9262118

*This standard specifies a conceptual data schema that defines the structure of a metadata instance for a learning object. For this standard, a learning object is defined as any entity, digital or non-digital, that is used for learning, education or training.

*LIDO (Lightweight Information Describing Objects).

http://www.lido-schema.org

Data Harvesting and Interchange Working Group, CIDOC, (ICOM's International Committee for Documentation)

**Web interface: http://terminology.lido-schema.org/
**SPARQL: http://terminology.lido-schema.org/sparql

** LIDO 1.1, released 2021-12.

LIDO is an XML schema intended for delivering metadata, for use in a variety of online services, from an organization’s collections database to portals of aggregated resources, as well as exposing, sharing and connecting data on the web.

*Linked Open Vocabularies (LOV) [a registry]

*https://lov.linkeddata.es/dataset/lov/

A vocabulary in LOV gathers definitions of a set of classes and properties (together simply called terms of the vocabulary), useful to describe specific types of things, or things in a given domain or industry, or things at large but for a specific usage. LOV provides a choice of several hundreds of such vocabularies, based on quality requirements including URI stability and availability on the Web, use of standard formats and publication best practices, quality metadata and documentation, identifiable and trustable publication body, proper versioning policy.

Machine-Readable Cataloging (MARC)

Library of Congress Network Development and MARC Standards Office
http://www.loc.gov/marc/
Provides the mechanism by which computers exchange, use, and interpret bibliographic information, and its data elements make up the foundation of most library catalogs used today. MARC became USMARC in the 1980s and MARC 21 in the late 1990s.

MARC 21

* https://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/bdintro.html

**The five MARC 21 communication formats, MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data, MARC 21 Format for Authority Data, MARC 21 Format for Holdings Data, MARC 21 Format for Classification Data, and MARC 21 Format for Community Information, are widely used standards for the representation and exchange of bibliographic, authority, holdings, classification, and community information data in machine-readable form.

MARCXML

Library of Congress Network Development and MARC Standards Office
*http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/
A framework for working with MARC data in a XML environment.

Mathematical Markup Language (MathML)

W3C Recommendation, 2003
http://www.w3.org/TR/MathML2/
An XML application for describing mathematical notation and capturing both its structure and content.

Metadata for Education Group (MEG) Registry

UKOLN (UK Office for Library Networking)
http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/metadata/education/registry/contents.html
A schema registration within the educational domain.

Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS)

Developed as an initiative of the Digital Library Federation; maintained in the Network Development and MARC Standards Office of the Library of Congress
*http://www.loc.gov/standards/mets/
A standard for encoding descriptive, administrative, and structural metadata regarding objects within a digital library, expressed using the XML schema language.

METS Schema & Documentation: https://www.loc.gov/standards/mets/mets-schemadocs.html

Metadata for Images in XML Standard (MIX)

MARC Standards Office of the Library of Congress in partnership with the NISO Technical Metadata for Digital Still Images Standards Committee and other interested experts
http://www.loc.gov/standards/mix/
An XML schema containing a set of technical data elements required to manage digital image collections.

The schema provides a format for interchange and/or storage of the data specified in the Data Dictionary - Technical Metadata for Digital Still Images (ANSI/NISO Z39.87-2006)

Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS)

Library of Congress Network Development and MARC Standards Office
http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/
Includes a subset of MARC fields and uses language-based tags rather than numeric ones, in some cases regrouping elements from the MARC 21 bibliographic format. MODS is expressed using XML.

MPEG-4

Developed by MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group)
Overview

*http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/standards/mpeg-4
A standard (ISO/IEC 14496) for multimedia of the fixed and mobile web.

*MPEG-7

ISO/IEC 15938 Information technology -- Multimedia content description interface Developed by MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group)Overview

**https://www.mpeg.org/standards/MPEG-7/
A standard for description and search of audio and visual content.

*MPEG Standards - Exploration

MPEG Standards

**https://arxiv.org/html/2404.13426v1

a suite of exploration activities likely to become standards or parts of standards

*MusicBrainz schema

http://musicbrainz.org/doc/MusicBrainz_Database/Schema

A schema used for the MusicBrainz Database which contains all of MusicBrainz' music metadata. This data includes information about artists, release groups, releases, recordings, works, and labels, as well as the many relationships between them.

MusicBrainz is a community-maintained open source encyclopedia of music information.

* *Music Ontology

* *http://musicontology.com/specification/

* *Music Ontology archive at GitHub

Provides a vocabulary for publishing and linking a wide range of music-related data on the Web. Music Ontology data can be published by anyone as part of a web site or an API and linked with existing data, therefore creating a music-related web of data. The Music Ontology Specification provides main concepts and properties for describing music (i.e. artists, albums and tracks) on the Semantic Web.

National Library of Medicine (NLM) Metadata Schema

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/tsd/cataloging/metafilenew.html
Developed based on the metadata terms maintained by the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, incorporates some of the best practice recommendations of the DC-Library Application Profile (DC-Lib). It is designed for use with electronic resources published by the NLM and incorporates additional elements and qualifiers identified as requirements by NLM. [archived]

NetCDF Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata Convention

Developed by the NetCDF (network Common Data Form)

** http://cfconventions.org/
Designed to provide a definitive description of what the data in each variable represents and of the spatial and temporal properties of the climate and forecast data

Version 1.9, 2021-09-10

North American Profile of ISO19115:2003 - Geographic information – Metadata

North American Profile (NAP) Metadata Working Group

http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/incits-l1-standards-projects/NAP-Metadata
http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/incits-l1-standards
-projects/NAP-Metadata/napMetadataProfileV11_7-26-07.pdf

Object ID Checklist

**https://icom.museum/en/resources/standards-guidelines/objectid/
Developed to help to combat art theft by encouraging use of the standard and by bringing together organizations around the world that can encourage its implementation. It is a small subset of the CDWA categories.

**Currently Object ID is available in Arabic, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Slovenian, Spanish and Ukrainian.

Online Information Exchange (ONIX) 

Developed and maintained by EDItEUR (http://www.editeur.org/) jointly with Book Industry Communication (UK) and the Book Industry Study Group (US), and with user groups in other countries
*http://www.editeur.org/8/ONIX/
A standard means by which product data can be transmitted electronically by publishers to data aggregators, wholesalers, booksellers and anyone else involved in the sale of their publications.

Open Archival Information System (OAIS) Reference Model 

*OAIS Reference Mode = ISO14721
*http://www.oais.info/
*The Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System (OAIS) was developed for use in facilitating a broad, discipline independent, consensus on the requirements for an archive or repository to provide long-term, preservation of digital information. It was also intended to support the development of additional digital preservation standards.

*An OAIS is an archive consisting of an organization of people and systems that has accepted the responsibility to preserve information and make it available to a Designated Community. The standard defines a set of responsibilities that an OAIS archive must fulfil and this allows an OAIS archive to be distinguished from other uses of the term archive.

Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH)

http://www.openarchives.org/pmh/
OAI-PMH is a set of six verbs or services that are invoked within HTTP, to be used by  Data Providers (repositories) to expose structured metadata and Service Providers to harvest that metadata. It enables access to Web-accessible material through interoperable repositories for metadata sharing, publishing and archiving.

Open Digital Rights Language (ODRL)

Released as a W3C Note: http://www.w3.org/TR/odrl/
ODRL Version 2.1 Ontology, 2015. http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/ODRL21

Provides flexible and interoperable mechanisms to support transparent and innovative use of digital content in publishing, distribution, and consumption of digital media across all sectors and communities. The ODRL Policy model is broad enough to support traditional rights expressions for commercial transaction, open access expressions for publicly distributed content, and privacy expressions for social media.

*Open Metadata Registry

http://metadataregistry.org/

Provides services to developers and consumers of controlled vocabularies. This registry's notable contents are MARC 21, ISBD (International Standard Bibliographic Description), and RDA. It registers many values defined in these metadata standards, for example, each value associated with the MARC 21 007 field (Physical Description Fixed Field-General Information) is registered there with a unique URI.

Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies (PREMIS)

Developed by PREMIS Working Group at OCLC,
*http://www.oclc.org/research/activities/past/orprojects/pmwg/premis-final.pdf
Data Dictionary and XML Schemas are maintained at the Library of Congress
http://www.loc.gov/standards/premis/

*Current Version: 3.0 http://www.loc.gov/standards/premis/v3/index.html

*PREMIS OWL Ontology 3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/premis/ontology/owl-version3.html

Defines core set of preservation metadata elements, with supporting data dictionary, applicable to a broad range of digital preservation activities.

**PREMIS Implementation *Registry

**Project Open Data (US government) Metadata Schema v1.1

https://project-open-data.cio.gov/v1.1/schema/

This version of the schema replaces Project Open Data Metadata Schema v1.0. Federal CFO-Act agencies completed the transition to the v1.1 schema in 2015. The metadata schema specified in this memorandum is based on DCAT.

**DCAT-US Schema v1.1 (Project Open Data Metadata Schema)
https://resources.data.gov/resources/dcat-us/

*PROV-O Ontology

W3C Recommendation http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/

**PROV Document Overview
Provides a set of classes, properties, and restrictions that can be used to represent and interchange provenance information generated in different systems and under different contexts. It can also be specialized to create new classes and properties to model provenance information for different applications and domains.

**Dublin Core to PROV Mapping
Describes a partial mapping from Dublin Core Terms [DCTERMS] to the PROV-O OWL2 ontology [PROV-O].

The Public Broadcasting Metadata Dictionary (PBCore)

*https://pbcore.org/
PBCore is a way to organize information about audiovisual content. PBCore records can easily be shared, allowing information about media assets and collections to be exchanged between organizations and media systems.

Created by the public broadcasting community in the USA for use by public broadcasters and related communities. PBCore is built on the foundation of Dublin Core.

PBCore Data Model Visualization http://pbcore.org/data-model

**Publishing Requirements for Industry Standard Metadata (PRISM)

IDEAlliance PRISM Working Group

** specification https://www.idealliance.org/specifications
** home: https://www.idealliance.org/prism-metadata

An XML metadata vocabulary for syndicating, aggregating, post-processing, and multi-purposing magazine, news, catalog, book, and mainstream journal content. Developed to meet the needs of publishers to receive, track, and deliver multi-part content.

* Schema.org

Bing, Google and Yahoo!
http://schema.org
Types and properties: http://schema.org/docs/full.html
Schema.org provides a shared collection of schemas that webmasters can use to mark up their pages in ways that can be understood by the major search engines. It describes a variety of item types, each of which has its own set of properties that can be used to describe the item.

SCHEMAS Registry —Application Profiles

UKOLN (UK Office for Library Networking)
* http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/projects/iemsr/
Contains several metadata element sets as well as a large number of activity reports which describe and comment on various metadata related activities and initiatives.
See also CORES http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/metadata/cores/

The Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM)

Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) Initiative, Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness (OUSD P&R)
-was at: http://www.scormsoft.com/scorm
Defines a Web-based learning "Content Aggregation Model" and "Run-Time Environment" for learning objects. The SCORM is a collection of specifications adapted from multiple sources to provide a comprehensive suite of e-learning capabilities that enable interoperability, accessibility and reusability of Web-based learning content. Wikipedia

Shoreline Metadata Profile of the Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata. FGDC-STD-001.2-2001.

*http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/metadata/shoreline-metadata
A profile developed by the Marine and Coastal Spatial Data Subcommittee, Federal Geographic Data Committee. 

**Strings on the Web: Language and Direction Metadata, W3C Group [Draft]

**https://www.w3.org/TR/string-meta/

Technical Metadata for Digital Still Images (ANSI/NISO Z39.87-2006) (R2017) Data Dictionary

*https://www.niso.org/publications/ansiniso-z3987-2006-r2017-data-dictionary-technical-metadata-digital-still-images

*This standard defines a set of metadata elements for raster digital images to enable users to develop, exchange, and interpret digital image files. The dictionary has been designed to facilitate interoperability between systems, services, and software as well as to support the longterm management of and continuing access to digital image collections.

The Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) Guidelines

The Text Encoding Initiative Consortium
http://www.tei-c.org/
An international standard for representing all kinds of literary and linguistic texts for online research and teaching.

*UMBEL Vocabulary

UMBEL (Upper Mapping and Binding Exchange Layer)
*Archive: https://github.com/structureddynamics/UMBEL

UMBEL Vocabulary provides a general vocabulary of classes and predicates for describing domain ontologies, with the specific aim of promoting interoperability with external datasets and domains.

UMBEL is a general reference structure of 28,000 concepts, which provides a scaffolding to link and interoperate other datasets and domain vocabularies.

* United States Thoroughfare, Landmark, and Postal Address Data Standard

2011 endorsed by the FGDC; 2015 went through Maintenance Review

Home || Document number FGDC-STD-016-2011|| Schemes

Maintenance authority U.S. Census Bureau

Covers thoroughfare, landmark, and postal addresses within the United States, including its outlying territories and possessions.

vCard - The Electronic Business Card

*Internet Mail Consortium [IMC closed down in 2002].
Previous: http://www.imc.org/pdi/vcard-21.txt (version 2.1)

A specification defines a format for an electronic business card, or vCard.

vCard MIME Directory Profile (RFC 2426) https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt (1998)

A profile of the MIME Content-Type for directory information for a white-pages person object, based on a vCard electronic business card.

*vCard Ontology - for describing People and Organizations

W3C Interest Group Note 22 May 2014
*http://www.w3.org/TR/vcard-rdf
This W3C note specifies a mapping of the vCard specification (RFC6350) to RDF/OWL. The goal is to promote the use of vCard for the description of people and organizations utilizing semantic web techniques and allowing compatibility with traditional vCard implementations.

Visual Resources Association (VRA) Core Categories

Visual Resources Association Data Standards Committee.
** http://loc.gov/standards/vracore/
Schemas and Documentation:
http://www.loc.gov/standards/vracore/schemas.html
Specifies a set of core categories for creating records to describe works of visual culture as well as the images that document them.

Z39.50 Profile for Access to Digital Collection

An ANSI/NISO Z39.50 standard and the International Standard, ISO 23950: "Information Retrieval (Z39.50): Application Service Definition and Protocol Specification"
http://lcweb.loc.gov/z3950/agency/markup/markup.html
The protocol addresses communication between corresponding information retrieval applications, the client and server (which may reside on different computers).